流域水资源多目标调度协调方法研究

Research on coordination method for multi-objective scheduling of basin water resources

  • 摘要: 传统的流域水资源多目标调度协调方法一般是通过求解多目标优化调度问题以协调各调度目标之间的关系,且大多通过水库水位进行优化调度。对于河网水系密布、城市化程度较高、以河道水位控制为主的平原区流域而言,不同时期的调度目标需求表现各异,相应的水资源调度存在一定独立性,传统方法并不适用,亟需从河道水位角度统筹协调不同调度目标之间关系。在充分考虑流域水资源多目标调度与河道水量关系的基础上,提出河道水位控制线概念,总结以防洪、供水、生态为调度目标的河道水位控制线内涵和特征,分析其在年内的变化特征,研究基于河道水位控制线的流域水资源多目标调度协调方法。以秦淮河流域为例,构建并求解了河网水动力水质模型,模型确定性系数均值达到0.87;计算得出不同水文频率下河道水位控制线方案指标值,确定不同频率防洪控制线为7.85 m及以下、不同频率供水控制线为8.05 m及以上,汛期生态控制线为6.90 m、非汛期生态控制线为6.55 m,研究了基于东山站水位控制线的秦淮河流域防洪-供水-生态协调方法。研究结果表明可通过提前调整河道水位合理分配河网水资源量,实现流域水资源多目标调度协调,提高了水资源综合利用效益。

     

    Abstract: Traditional coordination methods for multi-objective scheduling of basin water resources typically approach the problem through multi-objective optimization, primarily relying on reservoir water levels. However, in plain-area basins characterized by dense river networks, high urbanization, and river-level-based control, scheduling demands vary over time, and water resource management exhibits a degree of independence. In such cases, traditional methods prove inadequate, necessitating coordination among different objectives from the perspective of river water levels. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between multi-objective scheduling and river water volumes, this study introduces the concept of river water level control lines. It summarizes the connotations and characteristics of control lines targeting flood control, water supply, and ecological protection, and analyzes their intra-annual variations. A coordination method for basin water resource scheduling based on these control lines is then proposed. Using the Qinhuai River Basin as a case study, a hydrodynamic-water quality model of the river network is constructed and solved, yielding a mean model determination coefficient of 0.87. Control line indicators under different hydrological frequencies are calculated: flood control lines at 7.85 m or below, water supply lines at 8.05 m or above, ecological lines at 6.90 m during flood season and 6.55 m during non-flood season. A coordination method integrating flood control, water supply, and ecological objectives based on the Dongshan Station water level is developed. Results demonstrate that by proactively adjusting river water levels, water resources in the network can be reasonably allocated, achieving coordinated multi-objective scheduling and enhancing comprehensive water resource utilization efficiency.

     

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